multiprocessing with map

參考

一般來說,會利用 Producer/Consumer 來處理 Multithread。

'''
Standard Producer/Consumer Threading Pattern
'''

import time 
import threading 
import Queue

class Consumer(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self, queue): 
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self._queue = queue

    def run(self):
        while True: 
            # queue.get() blocks the current thread until 
            # an item is retrieved. 
            msg = self._queue.get() 
            # Checks if the current message is 
            # the "Poison Pill"
            if isinstance(msg, str) and msg == 'quit':
                # if so, exists the loop
                break
            # "Processes" (or in our case, prints) the queue item   
            print "I'm a thread, and I received %s!!" % msg
        # Always be friendly! 
        print 'Bye byes!'

def Producer():
    # Queue is used to share items between
    # the threads.
    queue = Queue.Queue()

    # Create an instance of the worker
    worker = Consumer(queue)
    # start calls the internal run() method to 
    # kick off the thread
    worker.start()

    # variable to keep track of when we started
    start_time = time.time() 
    # While under 5 seconds.. 
    while time.time() - start_time < 5: 
        # "Produce" a piece of work and stick it in 
        # the queue for the Consumer to process
        queue.put('something at %s' % time.time())
        # Sleep a bit just to avoid an absurd number of messages
        time.sleep(1)

    # This the "poison pill" method of killing a thread. 
    queue.put('quit')
    # wait for the thread to close down
    worker.join()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    Producer()

以上的 worker 只有一個。

以下是多個 worker 的例子,需要建立一個 worker pool。

'''
A more realistic thread pool example 
'''
import time 
import threading 
import Queue 
import urllib2

class Consumer(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self, queue): 
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self._queue = queue

    def run(self):
        while True: 
            content = self._queue.get() 
            if isinstance(content, str) and content == 'quit':
                break
            response = urllib2.urlopen(content)
        print 'Bye byes!'

def Producer():
    urls = [
        'http://www.python.org', 'http://www.yahoo.com'
        'http://www.scala.org', 'http://www.google.com'
        # etc.. 
    ]
    queue = Queue.Queue()
    worker_threads = build_worker_pool(queue, 4)
    start_time = time.time()

    # Add the urls to process
    for url in urls: 
        queue.put(url)  
    # Add the poison pillv
    for worker in worker_threads:
        queue.put('quit')
    for worker in worker_threads:
        worker.join()

    print 'Done! Time taken: {}'.format(time.time() - start_time)

def build_worker_pool(queue, size):
    workers = []
    for _ in range(size):
        worker = Consumer(queue)
        worker.start() 
        workers.append(worker)
    return workers

if __name__ == '__main__':
    Producer()

但這不是最好的方法。而又因為 GIL 的限制,不論多少個 thread,只能佔用一個 CPU 的 core。

使用 multiprocessing 加上 map。

import urllib2 
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool

urls = [
    'http://www.python.org', 
    'http://www.python.org/about/',
    'http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2003/04/17/metaclasses.html',
    'http://www.python.org/doc/',
    'http://www.python.org/download/',
    'http://www.python.org/getit/',
    'http://www.python.org/community/',
    'https://wiki.python.org/moin/',
    'http://planet.python.org/',
    'https://wiki.python.org/moin/LocalUserGroups',
    'http://www.python.org/psf/',
    'http://docs.python.org/devguide/',
    'http://www.python.org/community/awards/'
    # etc.. 
    ]

# Make the Pool of workers
pool = ThreadPool(4) 
# Open the urls in their own threads
# and return the results
results = pool.map(urllib2.urlopen, urls)
#close the pool and wait for the work to finish 
pool.close() 
pool.join()

處理大量圖片的例子。

import os 
import PIL

from multiprocessing import Pool 
from PIL import Image

SIZE = (75,75)
SAVE_DIRECTORY = 'thumbs'

def get_image_paths(folder):
    return (os.path.join(folder, f) 
            for f in os.listdir(folder) 
            if 'jpeg' in f)

def create_thumbnail(filename): 
    im = Image.open(filename)
    im.thumbnail(SIZE, Image.ANTIALIAS)
    base, fname = os.path.split(filename) 
    save_path = os.path.join(base, SAVE_DIRECTORY, fname)
    im.save(save_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    folder = os.path.abspath(
        '11_18_2013_R000_IQM_Big_Sur_Mon__e10d1958e7b766c3e840')
    os.mkdir(os.path.join(folder, SAVE_DIRECTORY))

    images = get_image_paths(folder)

    pool = Pool()
    pool.map(create_thumbnail,images)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()